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Why Would They Falsely Confess?

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation （審訊） room.

Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible （易受影響的） to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings （盤問） is enormous. （46） "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."

Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do. 　（47） The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. 　（48） Of the 15- to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12- to 13-year-olds.

"There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. 　（49）

Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation——not hours of aggressive questioning——and still, most participants falsely confessed.

Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. 　（50）

A In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.

B "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C "It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental （牙齒的） drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D "But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?

F Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

答案：46. C 47. A   48. F   49. D   50. B

46. C 解答此題時要注意，空后是一段引文，而空前又沒有引文，所以此空處一定是引用了某人的話，因此答案只可能在B、C、D中。但D只是一句引用的話并沒有提及是誰說的，這不符常理，故排除。B 雖然提到了 Kassin，但沒有對其身份進行說明，這也不符“第一次提到某人是要有說明”的習慣（實際上他出現在第五段），故排除B.因此只能選C，從內容上看也符合。

47. A 本段提到一個心理學家做了一個實驗（a laboratory study），也提到了 crashed the computers 和 the "alt" key ,這些都和選項A 對應了起來。這也是補全短文的重要策略，文章和選項的對應關系。

48. F 分析了缺空處前后的句子，得知年齡越小越容易錯誤地妥協。

49. D 本段首句提到“毫無疑問年輕人錯誤妥協的危險性很大”，然后從選項中看，D在形式（引文）和內容（adults 與 上文 young people 形成對比）均符合文意。

50. B 由于審訊室的巨大壓力，嫌疑人很可能為了逃離那種環境而承認自己本沒有做過的事。因此，Kassin說，從某種程度上看，錯誤的妥協在那種情況下是一種理性的選擇。

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