Unit 8 Chartering Business
　　（一）基本要求
　　了解：Bareboat chartering
　　熟悉： Time Chartering
　　掌握：Voyage Chartering
　　（二）考試內容
　　1. Voyage Chartering
　　(1)Definition
　　The voyage chartering means that the shipowner promises to carry on board a specific ship a particular cargo for a single voyage from one or more loading ports to one or more discharging ports.
　　(2)Contents
　　A voyage charter party shall mainly contain the names of the parties, the name and nationality of the ship, its bale or grain capacity, description of the goods to be loaded, port of loading and discharge, time for loading and discharge, payment of freight, demurrage, dispatch and other relevant matters.
　　(3) Costs allocation
　　Under a voyage charter the shipowner retains the operational control of the vessel and is responsible for all the operating expenses such as port charges, bunkers, taxes, etc. Loading and discharging costs are divided between the shipowner and the charterer in accordance with the agreement from case to case.
　　(4) Forms
　　There are more standard forms of voyage charter party used. Typically example is Gencon form which is general charter parties designed to be used in trades where no specific form exists.
　　2. Time Chartering
　　(1)Meaning: The time chartering means that the shipowner provides a designated manned ship to the charterer, and the charterer employs the ship for a specific period against payment of hire. The hire is payable in advance for a month or other period. If the hire is not paid promptly the shipowner may be entitled to cancel the charter.
　　(2)Liabilities: Under a time charter the crew is employed by the shipowner, who is also responsible for the nautical operation and maintenance of the vessel and supervision of the cargo. The charterer is liable for costs directly connected with the use of the vessel, for example, bunker costs and port charges and pays for the loading and discharging.
　　The liability for the cargo may be determined in different ways and may rest with the shipowner or with the charterer or may be divided between them in one way or another.
　　(3)Forms:There are also some standard forms of time charter party used in the time chartering business. The two major forms are NYPE and BALTIME. By far the largest number of time chartering are fixed on the basis of the NYPE Charter Party.
　　3. Bareboat chartering

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