1、It作先行主語(yǔ)和先行賓語(yǔ)的一些句型

　　She had said what it was necessary to say.

　　2、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

　　It is not who rules us that is important，but how he rules us.

　　3、“All+抽象名詞”或“抽象名詞+itself”(very+形容詞)

　　He was all gentleness to her.

　　4、利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　A crime is a crime a crime.

　　5、“something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of” “something of”相當(dāng)于“to some extent”，表示程度。在疑問(wèn)句或條件從句中，則為“anything of ”，可譯為“有點(diǎn)”，“略微”等。譯為“毫無(wú)”，“全無(wú)”。much of譯為“大有”，not much of可譯為“算不上”，“稱(chēng)不上”，little of可譯為“幾乎無(wú)”，something like譯為“有點(diǎn)像，略似”。

　　They say that he had no university education，but he seems to be something of a scholar.

　　6、同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個(gè)名詞都指同一個(gè)人或物，“of”以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)，以修飾“of”后面的那個(gè)名詞。如“her old sharper of a father”，可譯為：“她那騙子般的父親”。

　　Those pigs of girls eat so much.

　　7、as…as…can(may)be

　　It is as plain as plain can be.

　　8、“It is in(with)…as in(with)”

　　It is in life as in a journey.

　　9、“as good as…”相等于，就像，幾乎如;實(shí)際上，其實(shí)，實(shí)在。

　　The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy，that he would adopt him.

　　10、“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many as well…as”可譯為“與其……，不如……，更好”，“以這樣做……為宜”，“如同……，也可以……”等等。“might as well …as”表示不可能的事，可譯為“猶如……”，“可與……一樣荒唐”，“與其那樣不如這樣的好”等等。

　　One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

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 　　1、“to make…of”的譯法(使……成為……，把……當(dāng)作)

　　I will make a scientist of my son.

　　2、“too…+不定式”，“not(never)too…+不定式”，“too…not+不定式”

　　She is too angry to speak.

　　3、“only(not，all，but，never)too …to do so”和“too ready (apt)+ to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒(méi)有否定意義，凡是“not”，“all”，“but”等字后+“too…to”，不定式都失去了否定意義，在“too ready(apt)+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒(méi)有否定意義。

　　You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

　　4、“no more …than…”句型

　　A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

　　5、“not so much…as”和“not so much as …”結(jié)構(gòu)。“not so much…as”=“not so much as …”，其中as有進(jìn)可換用but rather，可譯為：“與其說(shuō)是……毋須說(shuō)是……”。而“not so much as”=“without(not)even”，可譯為“甚至……還沒(méi)有”。

　　The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

　　6、“Nothing is more…than”和“Nothing is so …as”結(jié)構(gòu)。“Nothing is more…than”和“Nothing is so …as”都具有最高級(jí)比較的意思，“Nothing is”可換用“no”，“nobody”，“nowhere”，“l(fā)ittle”，“few”，“hardly”，“scarcely”等等，可譯為“沒(méi)有……比……更為”，“像……再?zèng)]有了”，“最……”等。

　　Nothing is more precious than time.

　　7、“cannot…too…”結(jié)構(gòu)。“cannot…too…”意為“It is impossible to overdo…”或者，即“無(wú)論怎樣……也不算過(guò)分”。“not”可換用“hardly”，“scarcely”等，“too”可換用“enough”，“sufficient”等。

　　You cannot be too careful.

　　8、“否定+but ”結(jié)構(gòu)在否定詞后面的“but”，具有“which not”，“who not”，“that not”，等等否定意義，構(gòu)成前后的雙重否定。可譯成“沒(méi)有……不是”或“……都……”等。

　　Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

　　9、“否定+until (till)”結(jié)構(gòu)，在否定詞“no”，“not”，“never”，“l(fā)ittle”，“few”，“seldom”等的后邊所接用的“until/till”，多數(shù)情況下譯為“直到……才……”，“要……才……”，把否定譯為肯定。

　　Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

　　10、“not so…but”和“not such a …but”結(jié)構(gòu)，這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和“否定+but”的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多，不同之點(diǎn)是這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的“but”是含有“that…not”意味的連續(xù)詞，表示程度。可譯為“還沒(méi)有……到不能做……的程度”，“并不是……不……”，“無(wú)論怎樣……也不是不能……”等。

　　He is not so sick but he can come to school.

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 　　1、“疑問(wèn)詞+should…but ”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示過(guò)去的意外的事，意為“none…but”，可譯為“除了……還有誰(shuí)會(huì)……”，“豈料”，“想不到……竟是……”等。

　　Who should write it but himself?

　　2、“who knows but (that)…”和“who could should…but”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是反問(wèn)形式，一般意譯為“多半”，“亦未可知”等等，有時(shí)也可直譯。

　　Who knows but(that)he may go?

　　3、“祈使句+and”和“祈使句+or”結(jié)構(gòu)，“祈使句+and”表示“If…you…”，“祈使名+or”表示“if…not…you”。

　　Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.

　　4、“名詞+and”結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞等于狀語(yǔ)從句，或表示條件，或表示時(shí)間。

　　A word,and he would lose his temper.

　　5、“as…，so…”結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此結(jié)構(gòu)表明兩個(gè)概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。

　　As rust eats iron,so care eats the heart.

　　6、“if any”結(jié)構(gòu)，“if any”和“if ever”，意思是“果真有……”，“即使有……”，表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與此類(lèi)似的還有：“if anything”(如有不同的話(huà)，如果稍有區(qū)別)，“if a day”(=at least，至少)。

　　There is little,if any,hope.

　　7、“be it ever(never)so”和“l(fā)et it be ever(never)so”結(jié)構(gòu)，這里，“be it”中的“be”是古英語(yǔ)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣的遺留形式，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)則使用“l(fā)et it be”。“ever so”和“never so”都表示同一意思，都表示“very”。

　　Be it ever so humble(let it be ever so humble),home is home.

　　8、“the last+不定式”和“the last +定語(yǔ)從詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的“l(fā)ast”意思是“the least likely”，用于否定性推論。可譯為“最不大可能的”，“最不合適的”，由原意的“最后一個(gè)……”變成“最不可能……的一個(gè)”。

　　He is the last man to accept a bride.

　　9、“so…that…”句型，這個(gè)句型的意思是“如此……，以致于……”，但在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，許多情況下，并不是一定要譯成“如此……以致于……”，而是變通表達(dá)其含義。

　　He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.

　　10、“more + than+原級(jí)形容詞(副詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)，這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較，其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。

　　It is more than probable that he will fall.

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 　　1、“more than +動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)詞的程度，可譯為“異常”，“豈止”，“十二分地”等。

　　This more than satisfied me.

　　2、“good and …”的副詞用法，譯為“非常”，“很”等。類(lèi)似還有“nice and …”，“fine and …”，“l(fā)ovely and …”，“bright and …”，“rare and …”，“big and …”等，均表示程度。

　　The apples are good and ripe.

　　3、“and that”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)“and that”應(yīng)譯為“而且……”，表示對(duì)它前面陳述部分的語(yǔ)氣加強(qiáng)，“that”代表前面的整個(gè)陳述部分。

　　Return to your work ,and that at once.

　　4、“at once…and”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)譯為“既……又……”，起相關(guān)連接的作用，相當(dāng)于“both…and…”。

　　The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.

　　5、“in that…”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“在那一點(diǎn)上(方面)”，可譯為“因?yàn)椤薄ｎ?lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“in this…”。

　　The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.

　　6、“the name notwithstanding”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中“notwithstanding”是介詞，這個(gè)介詞可以置前，可以置后，比如也可寫(xiě)成：“notwithstanding the name”。起讓步狀語(yǔ)的作用。

　　Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception， the name notwithstanding.

　　7、“Every…not”和“All…not”結(jié)構(gòu)，“Every…not”表示“不見(jiàn)得每個(gè)……都是……”：“All…not”表示“不見(jiàn)得所有……都是……”的意思。

　　Every man is not polite,and all are not born gentlemen.

　　8、“may as well not…as”結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為“與其……不如不……”。

　　One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.

　　9、“have only to …do”結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示“只須(消)……就能……”的意思。

　　We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.

　　10、“not (no) …unless…”句型

　　No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.

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 　　1、“better…than…”句型

　　Better my life should be ended by their hate,than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.

　　2、“as it were”是一個(gè)非常常用的插入語(yǔ)，意思是“好象”，“可以說(shuō)”等。

　　Apiece of iron near a magnet,though apparently separate from it,feels,as it were,the threads of this attachment.

　　3、復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定語(yǔ)從句過(guò)長(zhǎng)，把謂語(yǔ)must realize提到定語(yǔ)從句之前。

　　Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature,I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able,diligent,candid,and even honest. Plainly enough,that is too large an order,as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.

　　4、“not…any more than…”為：“不能……，正如不能……”。

　　One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.

　　5、“By that as it may”是“Let it be that as it may”的省略形式，是由“be”引起的另外一種假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“雖然如此，盡管這樣”。

　　It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two,that the blood poison is,so to speak,a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may,the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.

　　6、“if at all”是一個(gè)由“if”引起的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的短句結(jié)為“即將……”，“即使……”等。

　　I can see only with great difficulty,if at all.

　　7、由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science,in which my work is the beginning,ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.

　　8、“range from …to…”結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)，譯時(shí)很多情況下應(yīng)變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。

　　Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.

　　9、“the way…”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.

　　10、復(fù)雜賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　In recent years,the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.

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 　　1、某些分隔結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(1)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相關(guān)部分被分隔(當(dāng)“make use of ”，“take notice of”，“pay attention to”，等動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí))。

　　Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.

　　(2)雙重定語(yǔ)引起的分隔。

　　But there is of culture another view,in which not solely the scientific passion,the sheer desire to see things as they are,natural and proper in an intelligent being,appears as the ground of it.

　　2、“to be doing…when…”是一個(gè)句型，多譯為“某人正在做……時(shí)，突然……”。在簡(jiǎn)單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復(fù)雜一些，可能就不太容易識(shí)別這種句型。

　　She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night,and were walking home together at about 10 o“clock,when a "very big,very tall man",accosted them and demanded their purses.

　　3、“too…to”句型

　　Then I remembered how often I,too,had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day,too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.

　　4、“so much that…”句型

　　But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.

　　5、“when”引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)并不好譯，不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，它還有許多種譯法。

　　Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity,and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.

　　6、“not…because…”，有時(shí)可否定前面，有時(shí)可否定because本身，往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文面判定。

　　In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was;nor,because she had more readers,was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.

　　7、“so…that,such…that”是一個(gè)普通的句型，但在同一個(gè)句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見(jiàn)。

　　The truth is,that in one point of view,this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us,that in some sense we must turn bullies,else the day is lost,or superiority so far beyond us,that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.

　　8、“by doing…”結(jié)構(gòu)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“通過(guò)(做)……”，但翻譯實(shí)踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，不少情況下需要靈活變通。

　　The hippos,by depositing dung in the water,fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.

　　9、下面例句為一倒裝句，主語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)，而且又含有非常復(fù)雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語(yǔ)的倒裝，翻譯實(shí)踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。

　　No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.

　　10、“what…of”句型

　　I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope:He never passed a fault unamended by indifference,nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do;I write as I can.

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（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）