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102.reason 和cause

The ____ of the big fire was his carelessness.

A.reason B.cause C.causing D.reasoning
解答：B。reason強調一種推理的理由，而cause是指導致某件事情發生的人或事。

103.when while 與 as

1,when表示“當……的時候”。從句中既可用延續性動詞，又可用非延續性動詞，這些動詞既可以表示動作，又可表示狀態。從句中的動作既可和主句的動作同時發生，又可在主句的動作之前或之后發生。如：

When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.

Mary was having dinner when I saw her.

When you meet a word you don''t know, consult the dictionary.

She was beautiful when she was a girl.

如果when從句的主語與主句主語相同，謂語又是be動詞，從句主語和be可以省略：當when從句主語與主句主語相同時，用when加分詞可以替代狀語從句。如：

When（you are）in trouble, ask her for help.

When（I was）sleeping, I never heard a thing.

2，as

(1)表示"當……時"、"和……同時"。常指從句的動作未結束，主句中的動作就已發生。從句中多用表示動作的動詞，而不用be動詞或表示感覺、理解、知道這類動詞。

As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar.

She dropped the glass as she stood up.

As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.

(2)用于平行的動作中，表示"一面……一面……"。常指一個主語同時進行兩個動作。如：

He sang as he worked.

The students took notes as they listened.

3,While表示"在……的時候"、"在……期間"。它強調主句的動作與從句的動作同時發生或主句的動作發生在從句的動作過程中。While從句中必須是表示動作或狀態的延續性動詞。如：

Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion.

The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.

She called while I was out.

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