26.on sale與for sale
for sale(個人所有物)“出售的”“待售的”,a house for sale房屋出售,not for sale(告示)非賣品。He put his car up for sale.他把汽車拿出來賣。on sale“銷售中”“上市”“廉價的”“特價的”,如:They sell eggs on sale today.今天那家店雞蛋大減價。on sale多指商品性質的東西。The summer wear is on sale.夏裝正在銷售。
27.all together與altogether
all together是一個形容詞短語,多表示其原義,“所有的人在一處,同時在一起”。如:Today we are all together for the Spring Festival.因為春節,今天我們都聚集在一起了。altogether是個副詞,表示“總共,完全”,如:How much is it altogether?這一共多少錢?
28.invent與discover
invent指創造發明以前不存在的東西或方法。如:Bell invented the telephone.貝爾發明了電話。invent還可指“虛構”或“捏造”一個情況。如:He invented an excuse for being absent.他捏造了一個缺席的借口。而discover則指發現不為人們所知但實際存在的事物。如:Do you know who discovered America?你知道是誰發現美洲的嗎?I discovered that she was a good cook.我發現她很擅長烹飪。
29.contain與include
兩詞都有“包含”的意思。區別在于:contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分(have or hold within itself);而include則只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分(have…as part of a whole),如:The parcel contained a dictionary.那包裹里裝的是一本字典。Does the price include postage?這價錢包含有郵費嗎?另外,contain有“克制,抑制”之意。如:She could hardly contain her excitement.她抑制不住內心的激動。與include有關的including, included用法如下:We all went to the museum, Lily included.我們去了博物館,莉莉也去了。The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.樂隊演奏了很多曲子,包括我最喜歡的幾首。
30.job, work, labour與task
這四個詞都有“工作”的意思,其差異如下:
①job是可數名詞,work是不可數名詞,一般情況下可通用。如:His job (work) is as a teacher.他的職業是教師。但下面情況不可通用,如:I heard he changed jobs.我聽說他已換了許多工作。I go to work (at) 7∶20.我七點二十去工作。He has a good job in a bank.他在銀行里有個好職業。out of a job/out of work失業。
②labour一般指體力勞動,work泛指體力或者腦力勞動,如:It took many months of labour to build the house.建筑這房屋花了好幾個月的勞動。The majority of men earn their living by physical labour.大多數人靠從事體力勞動謀生。
③task多指困難的或令人疲倦的工作,如:It’s a difficult task.這是一件(令人)困難的工作。Mary’s task is to tend the children.瑪麗的任務是照料孩子。
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