36.no one與none
①no one沒有人(只指人,不能用來指物),意思與nobody相同,作主語時不需跟of短語連用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest.沒有人相信他,因為他不誠實。No one else but I went.除我以外,誰也沒去。②none一個也沒有(既可指人,也可指任何東西)。作主語時,代替不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數形式,代替可數名詞,謂語動詞單、復數都可以。但在“主系表”句型中,如表語為復數,則系動詞要用復數形式,如:None of us are (is) afraid of difficulties.我們誰也不怕困難。There is none of it left.那東西一點也沒剩下。③在回答“一個都沒有”時,除了注意人或物的區別外,還要看提問的角度,也就是用how many/much來問,習慣上用none來否定回答,用Is there any…來問,就用no one來回答。
37.trip, travel, tour與journey
①trip是非正式用語,常可作journey的替換詞,強調一次往返的短途旅程。如:He went on a trip to the nearest seaside during his vacation.假期中他到最近的海濱作了一次旅行(遠足)。
②travel泛指旅行、游歷,尤指國外旅行,但無路程的含義。如:We plan to travel to Africa.我們計劃去非洲旅行。
③tour作“游歷、觀光、參觀訪問”解,強調在“漫游,巡視”。如:The play will tour the countryside in the autumn.這出戲將于今秋在農村巡回演出。
④journey常指陸地上由一地到另一地的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是個較正式的用法。如:We made a journey to the Northeast of China.我們在中國的東北作了一次旅行。
38.destroy與damage
①destroy主要在于“破壞,摧毀”的嚴重后果,具有主觀意識,同時還有“打破(希望、計劃),消滅,殲滅(敵人)”之意,如:We’ll destroy the old world and build the new.我們將打破舊世界,建設新世界。All the hopes were destroyed.所有的希望都破滅了。The hurricane destroyed the whole town.颶風摧毀了整個鎮子。
②damage“損害,破壞,損失”,主要表示“某事給……帶來損害”,如:The storm caused great damage.暴風雨造成了巨大損失。His words have done a lot of damage to the government’s popularity.他的講話給政府的聲望帶來很大損害。
39.be about to do sth.與be to do sth
①be about to do=to be just ready to; be going to正要,馬上就,使用時不可再與表示時間的詞語連用。如:We were about to leave when it started to rain.我們正要離開時,天突然下起雨來了。I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要上床睡覺,這時有人敲門。
②be to do sth.表示“一定會發生”,“將來的安排”,“將來可能發生”。例如:We are to get married next week.我們將于下周結婚。What am I to do?我該怎么做?I'm to see him today at 6 o'clock.我今天將在6點鐘去看他。Am I to go on with my speech?我要繼續講下去嗎?
40.go on doing, go on to do與go on with
這三個動詞短語都有“繼續做某事”的意思,其區別如下:go on doing表示“繼續做,一直在做的事(中間無間斷)”;go on to do表示“接著做某事”,即某事已做完,接著做另一件事;go on with也表示“繼續做某事”,其含義是某一動作一度中止后,又繼續下去。如:He told Dr Bethune not to go on operating any more.他告訴白求恩大夫不要繼續手術了。After reading English, I went on to do maths exercises.讀了英語之后,我接著做數學練習。After having a break, we went on with our lessons.休息之后,我們繼續上課。
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