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(選自2008年職稱英語理工類b/c級閱讀理解考題)
 
sunspots
it's not surprising (令人驚訝的)that sunspots(太陽黑子)were observed (觀察)by ancient astronomers (天文學家).the largest soupspoon the sun can be seen (看見)without a telescope.it was not until the invention of the telescope(望遠鏡)in the early 17th.century,however,that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken(著手進行).the great astronomer galileo was among the first to make telescopic(用望遠鏡的) observations of sunspots(太陽黑子).
 
make a call v. 訪問
make a contribution to v. 對...作出貢獻
make a decision v. 作出決定
make a living v. 謀生

動名詞與動詞不定式一樣,也是一種非謂語形式,它可以帶賓語、狀語等構成動名詞短語。動名詞由動詞原形+ing構成,沒有人稱和數的變化,但有語態的變化,且有一般式和完成式。
以動詞study為例:
 
主動
被動
一般式
studying
being studied
完成式
having studied
having been studied
 
 
動名詞的用法
動名詞(或動名詞短語)在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語、表語、賓語(動詞或介詞的賓語)和定語等。

 talking about it is no use. 討論這件事情沒用。
 seeing is believing.
 
提示:動名詞(或動名詞短語)作主語時,有時句中使用形式主語it,如:
 it is no use talking about it. 討論這件事情沒用。
常見的形式主語結構(真正的主語是在句子的結尾部分出現的動名詞結構)
it is +no use , no good , fun(有趣), a great pleasure(快樂的事情), a waste of time(浪費時間) 等名詞+ doing sth.
it is no use crying.