1、動詞是英語詞類中最復雜的一種,它可以表示動作或狀態
2、動詞分類:
a、及物動詞和不及物動詞;
b、實義動詞和助動詞
實義動詞意義完整,能夠獨立做謂語,
助動詞本身沒有實際意思,或者意義完全不能單獨做謂語,助動詞包括有時態助動詞 (do\\be\\have\\shall\\will), 情態助動詞(can\\may\\must\\dare\\need\\ought to)
c、限定動詞和非限定動詞。
限定動詞:可以做謂語,可以單獨使用,也可以和助動詞連用,受主語的人稱和數的限制。
非限定動詞:不能單獨做謂語,不受主語的人稱和數的限制。 主要有不定式,動名詞和分詞
原形 |
第三人稱單數 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
現在分詞 |
work |
works |
worked |
worked |
working |
write |
writes |
wrote |
written |
writing |
have |
has |
had |
had |
having |
be |
is |
was//were |
been |
being |
|
①v+s ②s\x\z\ch\sh+es push--pushes catch---catches ③以輔音字母y結尾,變y為i+es. carry--carries try---tries |
① v+ed work-- worked ② 以e結尾+d hope-- hoped ③ 輔音字母y結尾, 變y為i+ed study--studied, carry--carried ④ 重讀閉音節或r 音節結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的,需要雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed plan---planned refer--referred |
① v+ing ② 以發音e的結尾,去掉e+ing come--coming write--writing ③以重讀閉音節結尾的音節詞 雙寫最后輔音字母。 sit--sitting begin--beginning run—running forget—forgetting ④以ie結尾的動詞變ie為y+ing die—dying lie—lying tie—tying |
1、三種形式相同(原形,過去式,過去分詞)
cost 花費 cost cost
cut 切,減少 cut cut
let 讓,允許 let let
read 讀 read read
hurt 傷害 hurt hurt
put 放,安置 put put
set 放,設定 set set
spread傳播,散布 spread spread
2、過去式和過去分詞相同
build 建立,建筑 built built
buy 買 bought bought
dig 挖 dug dug
get 獲得,變成 got got
have 有 had had
keep保持 kept kept
leave離開 left left
lose 丟失 lost lost
find 發現找到 found found
teach 教 taught taught
say 說 said said
tell 告訴 told told
3、動詞原形與過去分詞相同
run跑 ran run
become變成 became become
come 來 came come
4、三種形式完全不一樣
give 給 gave given
see 看見 saw seen
choose 選擇 chose chosen
fly 飛 flew flown
go 去 went gone
know 知道 knew known
take 拿取, took taken
write 寫 wrote written
lie------lied------lied 說謊
lie------lay------lain 躺,位于
hang-----hanged------hanged 處于絞刑
hang------hung-------hung 掛,吊
|
一般時態 |
進行時態 |
完成時態 |
現在 |
一般現在時 |
現在進行時 |
現在完成時 |
過去 |
一般過去時 |
過去進行時 |
過去完成時 |
將來 |
一般將來時 |
將來進行時 |
將來完成時 |
過去將來 |
一般過去將來時 |
過去將來進行時 |
過去將來完成時 |
時態
(一)一般現在時態
構成形式: 動詞原形/動詞第三稱單數形式
1、基本用法
① 表示經常發生的動作或經常存在的狀態(always總是,often經常,usually通常,sometimes有事,every day,seldom很少, once a week一周一次, never從不 等表示時間的狀語連用)
i go to school 去上學every day.
② 表示習慣能力等
my mother gets up 起床very early. 表習慣
my sister sings very well. 表能力
③ 表示客觀事實,客觀規律或真理。
the earth moves round the sun.
light 光travels faster than sound.聲音
④ 表示將來的,但是是預先計劃和安排好的(go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,be 存在)
the train火車 leaves at 9:00 pm.
the film show begins in a minute.
⑤ 用于時間或條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作
if i see mary, i’ll ask her.
as soon as you arrive, we’ll let you know.
i’ll discuss that with you when we meet.
2、基本構成
① 肯定式:be -----第一人稱用 am \\ 第三人稱單數用 is \\其他用are
動詞---第三人稱+s \\ 其它用動詞原形
eg. work---works have ---- has
i am a teacher . she is a teacher. they are teachers.
i work hard every day. she works hard every day. they work hard every day.
i have a book. she has a book. they have some books.
② 否定式;be------找到be動詞+not
動詞---第三人稱用doesn’t+動詞原形 \\ 其它用don’t +動詞原形
③ 一般疑問句:第三人稱用 does+主語+動詞原形 \\ 其它用 do+主語+動詞原形
練習:
1 the town is famous著名的 for 因為its magnificent宏偉的 buildings.建筑
2 mary rarely speaks to 和---談話susan.
3 practically 實際上all animals communicate 交流either through通過 sounds 聲音or through soundless codes.無聲碼
4 ten years after the event, her death死亡 still仍然 remains 保留保持a puzzle.迷
5 the farmers also want to use使用 the water to irrigate灌溉 the barren 貧瘠的land.土地
2009年綜合類c級閱讀判斷考題
but i am a woman and, like millions of women, i know there are still barriers 阻礙and biases (偏見) out there, often unconscious, and i want to build an america that respects尊重 and embraces接受 the potential可能性 of every last每一個 one of us.